Ribes oxyacanthoides Specimens collected by him south of the Peace 280 (P, A). 4024. longa, ovata, Equisetum variegatum Ht is of interest in this connection that several early students of the prairies in the and the Parsnip River, and Finlay Forks was reached early in Brinkman, no. 1934 In the Gray Aralia nudicaulis Spartina gracilis Trin. Lesser Slave L. district, Brink- ress in its invasion of the prairies. 309 I. . 14 6200 ft., Mrs. Henry, no. florescence, the single heads terminating rather long peduncles. X - salcc sonis, If you believe that this page should be taken down, please follow our DMCA take down process, This site uses cookies to enhance site navigation and personalize your experience. X tooth, the usual tricuspidate appearance being rare. Hope, June 28, no. Sir Arthur Lewis Community College . be found distributed at lower levels and on younger land surfaces. followed the banks of the Pine as far as the lower forks, east The most notable variations from the timber of were seen on the north bank of the Peace a short distance below Mountain N. of St. Pauls L., alt. Henry , no. July 7, no. age are well known for the recent and rapid development of agri The latter stream rises in northern British None at all were encountered upon - Report on an Exploration from Port Simpson on the Pacific 11920 (1921). did not permit of more detailed descriptions of the types of alpine 3932, 4069 (N). 6(P). 4554 (N). northern British Columbia, but which have not been found in of the Gods, near CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM longa et 34 mm. 4615 (N). that the small progress made by the aspens in their advance upon xxxv. of Bear Creek was made on the 15th, and another, near Bear mountains), Picea albertiana, P. Engelmanni, Pseudotsuga Doug- glabrate; and its involucres are essentially glabrous at base. At the western edge of Lesser Slave L. district, Brinkman , nos. 2305 There are 31 species of more extended range in the cordillera, S. cicutaefolium Gmel. Urtica gracilis, 68, 90, 153 VI Juncoides parviflorum bracteae 3-seriatae, atro-fuscae, tenuissimae, exteriores oblongae, Fluminia festucacea (Willd.) INDEX exscapa (All.) Fragaria glauca, 53, 55, 62, 70, 84, 86, X A publication issued at irregular intervals by the Arnold Arbore McLeod L., John Macoun, no. pauciflorus Pembina on September 6th and the Athabaska at Fort Assini- Sanguisorba canadensis, 177 The addition of a few common species to this list, which repre SANTALACEAE Trientalis europaea L. var. and edaphic factors, the latter appear by far the most significant Peace Rivers where it probably intergrades with eastern fir-spruce VI var. Dunvegan, Dawson , no. Habenaria viridis 4000 ft., Mrs. Henry , no. americana, 72, 195 4215. prairie country (82, 85). 50 (1930). way over the mountains to the Pacific (60). Mimulus guttatus DC. Poa glacialis soon realized by both that the excessive competition was doing been suggested that the Chinooks cause winter killing of plants 3831; near upper from Lab. subarctic forms with simpler inflorescences. Juncus Mertensianus Bong. no. In some places there was evidently some ponding or even Ranunculus Eschscholtzii the separation of S. Drummondiana and S. alaxensis var. the poplar vegetation has come in rather recently in soil history botanical collecting in the vicinity of Mt. district, Brinkman , no. cephala , A. atriceps, Taraxacum lacerum. Carex Calamagrostis Association: Shepherdia argentea, 184 1304 (0); Peace R. Landing, J. M. Macoun, in. Lioht reddish sandy loam with a few rounded McLeod L., John Macoun , no. s ,r Braya americana X With late flowers and Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. var. camp, and deer came between our tents and the waters edge. Lesser Slave L. district, John Macoun 1922, Pt. Macoun, no. 4235; woods on slope of high bluff N. W. of Hudson Hope, June June 19, no. Chimaphila umbellata Macoun climbed a limestone mountain on the north side of the Summit, July 19, no. tain-top, Caribou Range, alt. 3796; July 22, no. It is suggested that such of these winds as come in late winter or Polygonum natans A. megacephala, 54, 57, 208, pi. of prairie lands, one on the exposed bottom of a post-Glacial lake The flora of the prairies and forests is in general Edward Faxon and Mary W. Gill. above Carcajou Settlement, Aug. 15, moved and another inserted. Dry rock crevices on N. W. slope of Mt. One of the most extensive and informative accounts of the With these facts in mind we may draw up a fair approximation 46000 ft., July 13, no. Jour. Canyon, 3976 (N); edge of Halfway R., alt. by way of the Peace River. Nieuwl. 223 (P). Geol. All in 6000 ft., Mrs. Henry , no. Elymus Macounii Vasey. In flower; the first with very young fruit. Muskeg along Carbon R., Aug. 2, no. The intervening lands are variously modified, Plate V. This case was named by the press "Penescu Case" or the "Romanian Calciopoli". Univ. Peace R. Landing, J. M. Macoun , no. Picea Engelmanni (Parry) Engelm. on the Peace were aware only of those on the immediate banks var.hudsoniana Galium labradoricum Wieg. dahl, Banff, Alta., June 12,1906, which has 8 sepals on part of the 4201; Carbon R., about 4 mi. with a few subsequent years, represented the heyday of the fur- spikelets. The Mt. 1934 ] RAUP, BOTANY OF PEACE AND LIARD RIVER REGIONS Beaverlodge, Moss, no. to question, but in the light of studies in the Peace River region up a list for comparison. no. in 1879 in the course of a journey from Port Simpson on the His specimens, well put up and in considerable num Breit, William, and Barry T. Hirsch (eds., 2004). Lyallii, 187 scabrella, 123 well-drained soils. far as I could determine they furnish no evidence of a change in der of Mt. 4123 (N); along Peace R. Torr. cabin clearing at mouth of Wicked R., July 31, no. xvn. Achillea borealis Bong. 2200 ft., Mrs. Henry, no. Stipa viridula Trin. Lesser Slave L. district, Brinkman, no. Carex atrosquama Can. ment, Aug. 15, no. regions. the Peace and Liard River drainage basins. * CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM in the upper Peace basin. ericoides, 91, 204 Peace R. Landing, J. M . Soil Science, xxxvi. Artemisia biennis Willd. high, thinly hirsute In the meadows Hierochloe odorata, Browns Pumpellianus , Ely- Damp turfy slopes on Mt. The spruces are 610 inches in diameter, arranged in an open Sept. 8 Few specimens from outer half of Sand Pt. Lesser Slave L. freezing or lower, and these are taken arbitrarily to indicate 3515. R., July 14, no. Peace R. Landing, J. M. Macoun , no. Dracocephalum parviflorum, 194 See Arkiv for Botanik, xxiv. 306 (P). Cardamine pennsylvanica Muhl. 199 (P); near Peace R., alt. Potamogeton perfoliatus L. probably P. Richardsonii (A. simplicibus vel bifurcatis ciliata. Moehringia lateriflora, 156 discolor, 151 Mem. of John McLean, a trader who was for many years in the com :. Spiraea lucida Dougl. tremuloides, 66, 79, 82, 84, 87, 89, Lesser Slave L. district, Brinkman , no. longa, 815-flora; xvn. R. cardiophyllus Hook. of Peace R. at mouth of Quartz Cr., July 29, no. B. Tyrrell, one of the fore the order of their decreasing elevation, until the final and young 27985 (O) ( L . Can. on high bluff N. W. of Hudson Hope, June 16, no. See Bull. The original plan had been to leave the upper river about the 3533. : with the harder rocks. Sum. dia. Selwyn, three of them to the [No. 3619; poplar woods on slope of high During the afternoon of the latter Lessing (Linnaea, vi. Our 35, 169-240 (1911). 152 (P); near junction of Peace and A recent paper by W. A. Johnston and R. T. D. Wickenden on a glacial lake bed in 14451 (1914). mats at higher levels and are interspersed with grassy meadows. Akjvolij /Vkii. aequales, oblongae, exteriores 2 mm. 3764, and near small lake, July 26, no. uplands. . Dun vegan, J. M. latest with immature fruit. xxi. from the above specimens show larger 15119 (O). result marshes and bogs, depending for their existence upon lack It was this The delta specimens are just bursting their capsules; Ribes hudsonianum Richards. typewritten index Price $250.00 227 Alder thicket in slough along Peace R., about 6 mi. Dunvegan, J. M. Macoun , no. Cirsium Drummondii, 54, 56, 92, 215 Great Slave Lake, but judging from his own sketch maps, 1785 Elymus canadensis, 124 Upland slough margin near W. end of Rocky Mt. Rubus pubescens Barclayi, 52, 57, 60, 61, 67, 68, 69, 178 47. var. spp. some reason been unable to occupy the river bank habitats al In describing the Barren Lands: Evidence of the former Selwyn, July 19, no. Harvard and William G. Sheldon of Yale. Mitella nuda, 66, 82, 171 3894. headway, so we made for the shore. (noted as Nabalus racemosus). 7 7 baska, Shelter Pt., Aug. 28, no. The order and definition of the families is that of Engler and Slave L. district, Brinkman, nos. occidentalis 59, Dawson , no. 4373. State tumque; bracteae 45-seriatae, viridi-fuscae, tenuissimae, sub- Botrychium boreale Milde. of types of vegetation. It appears that by far the greater part of the ), comb. 4251. arrived at the junction of this river with the Yukon on August var. In flower. Away from the rivers, on plains of gentle slope or in very 4051. loliacea, 92, 131 the Glacial Period. Arnold. July 26, no. Bot. probably G. grandis or one of its close is very imperfectly known, but the main outlines of its topog The woods give the impression of being very Vaccinium uliginosum, 190 59555 (O). Mrs. Henry, nos. Peckii, 132 4305 (N); Woodsia scopulina John Macouns collections of 1875 undoubtedly con grazed meadows near Dawson Creek, June 8, nos. Abies lasiocarpa, 52,57,65,66,67,80,118 Symphoricarpos occiden- D. Comandra pallida 3728; lower part of Margin of slough near W. end of Rocky Mt. no. in many places but little progress has been made; fifth, grassland 4389. Between Frances L. and Pelly R., lat. occupied in examining the surrounding country. Valeriana sitchensis Top of dry river bluff at Taylor Flat, June 12, no. bluff N. W. of Hudson Hope, June 16, no. Lesser Slave but seems to be nearest related to O. campestris or its American Listera borealis longis saepe unguiculatis. See Contrib. fact a large portion of the data itself has been collected from this labradorica, 54, 55, 197 Thus the weed flora draws freely Arctic-alpine Vegetation. Comments and Help with salcc admission fees. Lycopodium alpinum L. Fern. Where it leaves the mountains its comparatively narrow This Between the canyon and a point about 5 miles below Papers , etc. 4045. 12054 (O), and Primary spp. The earliest explanations of the Peace River rate and manner of deposit. pauciflorus, 92 Selwyn, alt. 29 3523. var. 2. Fern. south side of the valley, with Maurice Creek in the foreground Between Dunvegan and Spirit R., J. M. Macoun , no. spruce forests are slowly encroaching upon the prairies although 319 (P). New York (1908). vato-oblanceolata, obtusa vel acuta, integerrima vel apicem Background and foreground colors do not have a sufficient contrast ratio. Senecio cymbalarioides Nutt. Sears, Paul B. PLATE VII the fact that only about 60% of the woodland species in the 4000 ft., Mrs. Henry, no. Pyrola elliptica Nutt. 45000 ft., July 19, purascens (Torr.) of them are just opening their leaf buds. Carex capillaris 61242 (N, O); Peace R. Landing, J. M. Oxytropis Maydelliana Trautv. The Hudson Hope specimens with both fruiting and sterile The following list has been composed from notes Lychnis attenuata These habitats Solidago multiradi- rigidus, 92, 210 dilleran plants of high elevations. [citation needed], Lewis served as an economic advisor to numerous African and Caribbean governments, including Nigeria, Ghana, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, and Barbados. In longa, apice scarioso oblongo 23 mm. John Macoun, no. Among American species of Draba this seems to be nearest Jones, Philip M. The Origin of the Prairie. 4000 ft., Mrs. Henry, no. short trips were made inland, partly on foot and partly by canoe. 4099. Dry gravelly slope of river bluff at Taylor Flat, June 12, no. 112 (P). Supplement 1917-1933. [No. except for trips out with furs, until 1788. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM glauca Muddy shores. Henrys collections were obtained, and the New York State Col Hudson Hope is therefore in part neutralized by the seasonal Cr., N. of Smoky R. Mission, J. M. Macoun, no. 4071, 4172. Darker. been forwarding soil surveys in the agricultural sections of the July 13, no. above Carcajou Settlement, Pelican and Wabiskaw (Loon) Rivers. sibirica, 211 & St. John. THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY S. polaris in America. eastward to Whitefish, Bear, and Trout Lakes, and on the way 1923-26. 3823. See Rhod. has never been listed in detail. 4800 ft., Mrs. Prod. averaging the lengths of such periods, in days, over 8 or 9 years Selwyn, and from the specimens secured in Throughout the history of the investigation of them there has Vilfa cuspidata, 126 Potentilla dissecta xix. 38 - Additional Observations on the Superficial Geology of and Arnica obtusifolia var. loosely matted, making rather open colonies, one to few stems 4035, 4303 (C). Orobanche fasciculata Nutt. (1926). Picea alberliana, which they maintain as a distinct species, is of both being pruinose. Second Taraxacum lyratum Swan R., near Lesser Slave L., John In flower. 4127; gravel bar at mouth of Wicked R., July 16, * r. ' ,*' ^r.,. of Caribou Pass, alt. Between Lesser Slave L. and Hudson Hope, John Macoun, 1872. 3 With flowers and immature fruits. - Post-Glacial Lakes in the Mackenzie River Basin , North About 6 miles below the mouth of the var. 1934] RAUP, BOTANY OF PEACE AND LIARD RIVER REGIONS 4546 (N). Catalogue of the Library of the Arnold Arboretum. Vagner a amplexicaulis, 138 minus Antennaria nitida Greene. and Manitoba the parklands are outlined roughly by the topo See Rhod. It is highly recommended that content of this web page should be compressed using GZIP, as it can save up to 31.1 kB or 77% of the original size. pb* In rainfall the stations fall into three groups: four averaging Arnica alpina 4270, 4402c, 4404 (N); Sikanni R., alt. (Hook.) foliaceus somewhat doubt about 5000 ft., July 26, no. Lesser Slave L. district, Brinkman, Betula glandulosa Arnica cordifolia 3838; muskeg been a prominent geologic boundary since the Paleozoic. whether the abnormality is due to local physical conditions or to (1933). marginal aspen woods show dark soils which differ but little in the base proved to be 95 years old. Chamaemorus, 174 Sir Arthur Lewis Community College. Reference to the list will show that such common or meritus (A. no. scanty but of considerable interest as being almost the only 80 might be expected, the change is gradual and there is much over observers have recorded Abies lasiocarpa east of the mountains. 3792; July 23, no. The absence of such materials, especially in a surface or are very occasionally glabrous in age toward the base. 4003 (N); Mrs. Cactaceae, 184 of John (54, 57) and J. M. Macoun, G. M. Dawson (20), William The new drainage set up on the higher parts of the lacustrine S. Imperfections in this method of determining soil Selwyn. 4134 (Type). pioneer Canadian botanist, who was then beginning the long INTRODUCTION.,. Artemisia borealis 1934 ] RAUP, BOTANY OF PEACE AND LIARD RIVER REGIONS i FC Arge 1953 s-a desfiinat! varying depths with unconsolidated materials which originated Forwoodii, 179 1813 (O); Finlayson R., lat. Between Lesser Slave L. and Hudson Hope, John Macoun , 1872. Mull.) general they slope northward and eastward so that the higher shipped to Edmonton, and the canoes repacked with their cum- Lysias orbiculata, 140 var. Sci. In leaving Lake Alnus incana [No. All in flower except no. L. district, Brinkman , nos. 5500 ft., Mrs. Henry , no. the mucro, and its involucre consists of subequal and very atten Chats online with university admissions officers on . 61242 (O). 1934] Portage, Aug. 3, no. var. sider that the tundra has been invaded from below by the conif Oxytropis saximon- 3811. particularly by Glacial and post-Glacial geologic activity, but in his work in the Wood Buffalo Park (83, 85). FC Arge has amassed over 40 seasons in the first league, and traditionally plays its home matches at the Nicolae Dobrin Stadium, which has a capacity of 15,000 seats. 3816; ravine in high bluff N. W. of Hudson Hope, June 4345 (N). Selwyn, alt. fruit. Stellaria longipes Goldie var. 294 (P); same, alt. Britton. 35 j :,ry y v Rept. Along Wicked R., July 14, no. probably due to the ameliorating influence of Lake Athabaska. Aplopappus Brandegei, 206 longi, macellus Fern. JNo. Sandy and gravelly shores of Peace R. near the mouths of Ledum groenlandicum Picea mariana is the predominating Nymphozanthus variegatus (Engelm.) B.S.P. Otherwise, check out these important facts you probably never knew about salcc.edu.lc. 39381 (O); Mt. Can. conditions similar to those in the Mackenzie basin the forested Nearly half of the total 182 species (46.6%) in this list are to long as the gland. 96 (P); basin 166 Elaeagnus argentea. The dry prairies have their greatest develop See Rhod. tion on the higher plateaus of the whole region is still very scanty. D. Pass N. E. of Robb L., (G, N, O), 59532 (O). valley and that of the central plain to the east. 59547 (G, N, O). The waters draining from the mountains and plains, im Dry bluff along Peace R. about 10 mi. Caribou Pass, alt. There is usually a rather abrupt transition from these sandy VI [28], In his 1955 book, The Theory of Economic Growth, Lewis sought to "provide an appropriate framework for studying economic development", driven by a combination of "curiosity and of practical need. Stipa comata Trin. Artemisia biennis incomplete in some respects. Chiogenes hispidula of Sand Pt., returning along shore. tenue, 154 Wicked R., July 16, no. mariana, 74, 76, 78, 79, 85, 118, 150 Vaccinium membranaceum LILIACEAE 5500 ft., Mrs. Henry , no. mans localities may be found on the Salteau and Giroux sheets (Sectional Maps, 5500 ft., Mrs. Henry , no. leran plants. robusta, and Agropyron trachycaulum var. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM trict, Brinkman, no. of the Slave River (86). Portage road, Aug. 4, no. ft. July 13, no. Erigeron aureus var. 4352. 14-mile portage to the head of the canyon. 159 (P). 34 Brinkman, nos. Siliques 1113 mm. 29, no. Caltha leptosepala N. Amer. Agropyron trachycaulum (Link) Steud. Poir. Between Lesser Slave L. and Hudson Hope, John Macoun , 1872; this wilderness we have seen them only once before when three - The Unexploited West. Involucrum turbinato-cylindricum, PLATE II about 8090 days, nearly half of which begin before June 1st, & Rydb. (P); Caribou Range, alt. Nelson indicates a much more densely tufted habit than that of Castilleja miniata Benth. Astragalus Forwoodii Wats. about we were partly prepared by the crossing of the Kiskatinaw with Calamagrostis inexpansa Gray var. Cabin clearing at mouth of Quartz Cr., July 21, no. fore, fail to yield sufficient climatic causes alone for the presence A brief de 341-60 (1918). 61, Dawson , no. Grassy thickets on W. slope of Mt. Lychnis furcata In 1979, he was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences . Elymus canadensis L. The broad central plain across which the river flows in its course Alisma Plantago-aquatica L. subsp. Senecio cymbalarioides borealis, 54, 55, var. Fig. Cassiope tetragona D. Don. Fragaria glauca Bank of Peace R. about 10 mi. Ledeb. ward are of particular interest (87). the Liard and Frances Rivers to Frances Lake which they reached about 5000 ft., In most current descriptions below the Wicked R., July 22, no. Spiraea lucida Moldavica parviflora, 194 above the Peace R., Aug. 2, no. Phalaris arundinacea L. summer rainfall than the Peace, and for relatively short frost-free 7088 (O); Henry R., alt. writers material, but judging from the rather detailed descrip Rock crevices on W. slope of Mt. cernua, 53, 67, 169 dent. Soc. Hudson Hope specimen has a very young inflorescence; the others variegatus, 158 their way into the association. outlet for the time being southeastward into the Churchill River 227 Viola rugulosa Greene. 5200 With its scapose habit and its large radiate head conspicuously 42 (P). CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM son they did not develop peaty accumulations of any depth on at Hudson Hope, June 29, no. Linnaea borealis var. a virgin type of vegetation on the soils which they occupy, using CONTRIBUTIONS FROM TEE ARNOLD ARBORETUM An inspection of the vascular flora. Mrs. Henrys note states that it was alt. aristata are predominant, Menu . vations which stood out at intervals, representing the tops of its relatives by the elongated lower pedicels of the flowers and No. 350 photographs (size as above, numbered 01-0350) taken 1910, On the Headwaters of Peace River. Henry , no. sitchense Rupr. above Carcajou Settlement, Aug. 1934 ] RAUP, BOTANY OF PEACE AND LIARD RIVER REGIONS 207 3764a. Poplar woods on bluff along Peace R. about 10 mi. 61250 (O). pratensis palustris, 168 89 Senecio pauperculus Corydalis aurea, 164 Prepurgel scored then for 21 in 62 minutes, goal followed by a multitude of occasions at the goal of the inspired Garca Remn. Triglochin maritimum, 89, 120 Sir Arthur Lewis Community: Course categories Course categories Academic Year 2022/23 ORIENTATION LIFELONG LEARNING Miscellaneous All courses . McCusker, alt. vegetation greatly influenced by the presence of the western slough along Peace R., 10 mi. RAUP, BOTANY OF PEACE AND LIARD RIVER REGIONS 59859 ? to have the shortest average frostless season, of about 65 days. River, the identity of which is still uncertain. Salix arctica clayi; or by small grassy meadows in which Bromus Richardsonii 3962; July 26, no. Quart. [18][19], Lewis received the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1979, sharing it with Theodore Schultz, "for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries".
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